Walnut Creek Open Space Foundation

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Fire Following Plants

Most people know that our ecosystem is renewed by fire.   Some species need the heat to germinate their seeds.  Other species take advantage of the openings in the vegetation that a fire creates.  Still others are specialists – they appear after a fire, multiply for a few years, then vanish until the next fire occurs.  Mary Bowerman described the phenomenon of fire-following flowers in her 1944 book on Mt. Diablo’s plants.  These species tend to grow in colonies so they make quite a display.

The first picture to the right shows an example of this phenomenon in Lime Ridge involving two species – chaparral or slender sunflower (Helianthus gracilentus) and Hall's bush mallow (Malacothamnus fasciculatus).  It is on the edge of the area where the 2003 fire occurred and is probably at its peak this year.  These pictures were taken about June 3, 2006.  The patch will probably have good color for another week or so.

These plants were growing in an open spot at the edge of a large chaparral patch, along with black sage, monkey flower,  and yerba santa.

Lesley Hunt
June 2006


Update, 2009:  Both the sunflowers and the mallow persist and are doing well.  Further research suggests the mallow should be considered as "fire dependent" since the seeds germinate better after exposure to heat.  Once germinated, the plant can live for many years.  The same may well be true for the sunflowers.

Click on the pictures for larger images


Fire following flowers on Lime Ridge


Slender Sunflower


Hall's Bush Mallow